GLOBAL TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STARTUPS IN THE SPACE SPHERE
Abstract
The work characterises the modern stage of development of the space sphere – the "New Cosmos". It’s a model of functioning of the global space sphere has been formed and consists of the internal and external environment, enterprises of the space sphere, directions of activity of subjects and types of investment in this sphere. The leaders of the "Great Space Club" in terms of the number of launches of carrier rockets have been determined – China and the USA. The dynamics of global volumes of the space economy were studied, 50% of turnover was accounted for commercial space products. The authors found that the role of the private sector is increasing, in particular startups in the space sector. It was established that the volume of investment in space startups during 2009-2015 increased nine times. Business angels, venture capital firms, private equity companies, corporations and banks were identified as the main types of investors in the world space sphere. A significant share of investments in space startups falls on venture capital firms, the most famous of business angels are "space billionaires", such corporations as Airbus, Boeing, Google and others. The structure of investments in space startups was analyzed according to the types of investments (venture capital, public offering of shares, grants/"seed" investment, mergers and acquisitions). Investment volumes in 2021 increased by such types of investments in space startups as seed funding, venture capital, private equity, public offering, decrease was observed for debt financing, mergers and acquisitions. 58% accounted for venture capital and 28% for public offering in 2021. According to forecasts, the revenues of the global space sector in 2040 will reach 1 trillion dollars, 50% of the growth will come from satellite broadband. Promising directions for the development of space startups are highlighted: cargo delivery to Earth orbit and beyond, space tourism, development and construction of manned spacecraft, satellite industry, climate change, reducing the amount of space debris in orbit, development of space infrastructure.
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