INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: SYSTEM-NETWORK MODEL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIES

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize, formalize, and comprehensively systematize the structure of intangible assets in highly competitive sectors of the economy, drawing on a combination of international and Ukrainian experience. Recognizing the growing strategic role of non-material factors in creating sustainable competitive advantages, the research emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to their identification, evaluation, and management. The research methodology combines system analysis, network modeling, and comparative sectoral analysis, enabling not only the identification of key components of intangible capital but also the development of an original structural model adapted to different institutional and market environments. This model integrates intellectual, human, relational, organizational, reputational, and digital assets, underlining their multidimensional interdependence and cumulative effect on a company’s innovative capacity, resilience, and competitive positioning. Special attention is given to the synergetic nature of intangible assets, where the interaction between elements creates added value exceeding the sum of individual contributions. A comparative analysis of intangible capital in high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries across selected developed countries and Ukraine revealed significant disparities in both the intensity of asset utilization and their configuration patterns. While leading international companies tend to prioritize innovation, brand development, and advanced digital infrastructure, Ukrainian enterprises often demonstrate fragmented asset structures, with a predominant emphasis on human and organizational capital, and relatively underdeveloped digital and reputational components. The proposed model has substantial practical relevance, serving as a strategic tool for enhancing management efficiency, investment attractiveness, and business valuation accuracy, while also contributing to the refinement of accounting, auditing, and corporate reporting practices in accordance with global standards. The findings possess both theoretical and applied significance, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, economists, and business leaders seeking to increase enterprise competitiveness under transitional and emerging market conditions. Furthermore, the study opens pathways for future research aimed at testing and adapting the proposed model across diverse industries, exploring cross-country variations, and examining the dynamic transformation of intangible assets in the context of accelerated digitalization, globalization, and knowledge-based economic development.