PROBLEMS OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Abstract
The article examines the essence and features of the concept of information technology in the context of modern development of science and technology. The relevance of the definition of information technology in the context of rapid changes in society is considered, their role as an engine of innovation is emphasized, ensuring the efficiency of processing, storing and transmitting information in various spheres of activity, in particular in business, public administration and scientific research. The importance of information as a key resource of the globalized world is emphasized, which makes adaptation to digital technologies a decisive factor in the competitiveness of organizations and states. The views of leading scientists are analyzed, as well as the official definition of information technology provided by UNESCO. It is established that despite numerous studies, a single generally accepted definition of information technology has not yet been formed, which causes ambiguity in their understanding. The paper highlights the historical aspect of the emergence of the term "information technology", first introduced in 1958 by G. Leavitt and T. Whistler. Three main components of the concept are analyzed: methods for effective processing of large volumes of data, the use of mathematical and statistical approaches to support decision-making, as well as the simulation of high-level cognitive processes using artificial intelligence. Special attention is paid to the systemic approach to the definition of information technologies, which are considered as a complex of interconnected technical, organizational and managerial means that ensure the automation of the processes of collecting, processing, storing and transmitting information. The main features of information technologies are determined, including system integrity, adaptability, bidirectional interaction between the user and the system, as well as ensuring data security and confidentiality. The article also analyzes the difference between the concepts of "information technologies" and "information and communication technologies", enshrined in Ukrainian legislation, in particular in the Law of Ukraine "On the National Informatization Program". Information technologies are a multi-component system that combines hardware, software, methods and processes that ensure effective work with information in various spheres of human and social activity. They are a fundamental resource of the modern world, affecting the economy, culture, education and other areas, contributing to making informed decisions, stimulating innovation and socio-economic development. It is emphasized that given the speed of technological change and the growing importance of information, the role of information technologies will only grow, determining the future directions of society's development and competitiveness at the global level.
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