ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Abstract
The article analyzes trends in domestic markets and international trade of organic products in Ukraine and Poland. It has been proven that the promotion of a healthy lifestyle to increase its duration and quality is one of the key strategic goals of national development in many countries of the world, including the European Union. This contributes to the gradual transformation of the population's consciousness towards the consumption of safe and ecological food products. This, in turn, leads to an increase in demand for organic products, which are grown by agricultural enterprises without the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. However, the mass implementation of organic farming is associated with certain technological difficulties and limitations, which determines the relevance of this work. It has been proven that the main difference between Poland and Ukraine is a large number of small agricultural enterprises, with an average area of organic land of about 27.4 hectares. At the same time, in Ukraine, each enterprise accounted for up to 850 hectares on average. This situation in Ukraine has developed due to certain objective reasons: firstly, the absence of a functioning agricultural land market; secondly, the high threshold of entry into the industry due to the lack of state financial support, which is the main direction of European Union budget expenditures. The aggregated statistical data made it possible to compare the productivity of groups of agricultural crops for organic and traditional agriculture in Poland. It is noted that the development of organic production in Poland is significantly lagging behind the average level in the European Union, where the share of organic land is 8.1%. In order to reach this level by the end of 2030, the average annual rate of growth of organic and transitional lands should be at least +11.2%, and the share of transitional lands in them should be 25.1%. At the same time, the strategic goal of the EU by 2030 is to convert a quarter of all agricultural land into organic. In this case, the average annual rate of growth of the corresponding areas in Poland should be +22.8%, and the share of transitional lands in them should be at least 40.6%. As we can see, under the conditions of keeping the existing trends, none of scenarios will be implemented. Given the relatively low level of productivity, it can be achieved only through state support and the creation of additional financial incentives.
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